The management issues faced by multinationals in host nations are Essay

The management issues faced by multinationals in host nations are merely a magnified version of issues faced by these enterprises in their home countries - Essay Example Globalization and low barriers to trade propose MNEs unlimited opportunities to expend their businesses overseas. Thus, in host countries they face numerous challenges and threats which have a great impact on their profitability and market position. In many cases, the management issues faced by multinationals in host nations are merely a magnified version of issues faced by these enterprises in their home countries. MNEs are vitally concerned with the environment affecting their interests which encompass employment opportunities (i.e., the availability of jobs); conditions of employment, such as employment stability and the potential for advancement, income and the determinants of income, fringe benefits; and the employer/employee representative structures responsible for negotiation and administration of employment contracts. In many cases, environmental factors which influence the corporation are similar to those of the home country (Mckern 2003). Following Mckern (2003): the traditional view of the international environments in which MNCs operate is based on the opposing forces of national responsiveness and global integration. In the multinational the forces for responsiveness are strong and the integration forces weak, as in packaged goods, household appliances, and beverages" (p. 2). Traditional management practices do not change greatly when... This is explained by the fact that MNEs a magnified version of issues and problems faced by these enterprises in their home countries. Organization structure is one of the examples which prove this statement. Organization structure relates to management decision-making authority and the broader issues of autonomy and control. Of special relevance is the organization of the industrial relations function at the subsidiary level and the question of control in industrial relations management (Budhwar & Debrah 2001). The structures are fairly flat at the smaller subsidiaries, such as New England Drawn Steel, Mt. Pleasant Chemical Co., and Fujitsu America. They become more complex at the larger firms, such as Mitsubishi Aircraft, Murata, and Sanyo Manufacturing. At home country, as company size grows, senior management titles tend to change from manager and director to vice-president and executive director. Also, as the complexity and size of the organizations advance, basic line managemen t structures tend to move from the purely functional. Product line development and the nature of the production process are also seen as important influences on organizational development (Rugman et al 2006). MNEs with a narrow product line and a basically single production process, such as Auburn Steel, are typically organized around distinctive functional units. These structures are the same in their local subsidies around the world. Following Mckern (2003) The complexity of the environment of multi-business corporations implies that organization structures and processes need to respond to the special circumstances of each business and region. This imperative suggests an organizational response that is highly differentiated across the corporation's

Production and Exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Production and Exchange - Essay Example Much as this is still debatable, questions abound as to whether these were the only issues that existed and if these issues were the sole drivers for ancient activities (Hirth 203-207). The narrow view of the above archeological developments is the main reason that instigated the modern archaeologies in broadening the perspective and coming up with new approaches to archeological research which are able to put complexities that arose in human society into clear focus. They therefore found out that political economies were just among the mix of different strategies used by the ancient societies to mobilize resources which in essence did cross-cut through the production processes, service, and subsequent distributions to various societal sectors (Hirth 203-207). The interest of archaeologies has therefore been elicited by the fact that they saw the need to try and identify the aforementioned mix of the various strategies so that this could work as a first platform for the reconstructio n of the pre-historical political economy structures. They hence have to prove the fact that indeed, the elites within a given society would strive to gaining control on resources and mobilizing these resources from numerous unrelated sources as much as they can and in doing so, they end up invoking a high sense and set of principles that are put to practice (Kelly and Hurst 182-118). The interest has further been compounded by the fact that these components or principles of society are the shapers of the political economy in that they take up the form of ideological issues, context, accumulation, and matrix control. The archeologists see these as the common mechanisms which are in essence applied in the creation of resources, manipulation of people and information, and the eventual expropriation practices which are normally applied to the societies that might exist in different times and having very unique levels of societal organization (Spencer 209-218). Reconstructing the trade networks of the prehistoric periods could also help the archeologists in the understanding of some of the dynamics which are related to cultural interactions and inter-border changes that are being experienced in the world today (Kelly and Hurst 182-118). The above renewed interest in this reconstruction could be attributed to the fact that the past archeological activities only emphasized on the identification of evolving of political organizations instead of trying to reconstruct the relationships of economics which actually underscored them. They pose an argument that past trade and exchanges during the prehistoric era were more than just mere production and consumption of goods and services. The argument put forward is, the exchange of good was also a cause for cultural and social experiences’ exchange (Spencer 209-218). How archaeologists determine the extent of prehistoric trade/exchange They use the ancient data such as obsidian discoveries which are analyzed to give c ertain evidences and assumptions. Interpretation of this Obsidian Dispersal is used by archeologists as the basic data that can illustrate trade and exchanges between communities during the prehistoric times. As a general approach, the archeologists are able to point out the sources of origin of the archeological

How to prepare a survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to prepare a survey - Essay Example ds to know, which demographic constitution of the population are being surveyed, is it the old, the youth, women, men, children, the schooling, the working population, among the rest of the population. Moreover, he should know their geographic distribution, and how they can be reached effectively and which survey method will give accurate results (Acebit, 2012). Furthermore, he should understand the time schedule for the target population, which will assist in setting up the period and budget for the survey. According to Acebit (2012) & Creative Research Systems (2012), the second step is defining the survey type and the method that will be applied in conducting the survey. Since most of the surveys are quantitative in nature and involves a lot of data collection and analysis, the crucial thing here is to pick methods that will give the most precise and accurate answers as possible. Depending on their target group, surveyors can pick from the following: they can choose interview methods, which can be person-to-person or via telephone conversation. Another method is a questionnaire, which can be sent via mail, email, or given to the population in person, then collected after a given time by the surveyor. The surveyor can also use observation, whereby he/she can interact with the target population, whether participatory or non-participatory to gather data. The choice of the method in the survey shall also determine the cost and outcome of the survey, depending on the demographic nature an d distribution of the population (Creative Research Systems, 2012). The third final step in conducting a survey is designing questions and means of analysis the results after the survey. The design of the questions whether in questionnaires or interviews needs to be pointed out clear, where all audiences can answer without strain. The questions should also be well structured and not ambiguous to enable the surveyor get the most accurate results. The questions are then pre-tested

4 assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

4 assignments - Essay Example Inclusion needs to be early on, there could hardly be any argument against it. Being special doesn’t mean they need to be out into nursing care like facility and they need pampering. Special children also have fighting spirit and they can adapt themselves up to amazing levels. Administrators and authorities need to capitalize on this. Bernie got included early on and it helped him and the children around him to adapt, who didn’t think it was a big deal, they didn’t consider Bernie and alien. They just took it like a normal thing and naturally got used to him. Some habits developed in earlier stages of life are always better. Bernie also points out how important ‘early inclusion’ is not just for the adaptation maneuver but for honing and developing academic skills of the person. Bernie deems it a great thing that happened to him because he felt more comfortable with the academics. He got hold of the complex things early on. Special children also develop their brain and they need to exercise it with various challenges. Otherwise just like any other person, their brain would turn into mush. And when they will be ‘included’ later on in their life, they will probably not be able to cope with the new challenges with the dexterity and confidence that an ‘early include’ will. Many times during the interview, Bernie refers to ‘other kids’. For instance he says that what it felt like to be the ‘other kid’ what challenges they were facing and where Bernie stood in his achievements. This gave him a sense of heightened urgency that he needs to catch up with them, but under his own terms. This shouldn’t be confusing. To prove my point, here is the idea in plain words; special children cannot compete with ‘other’ children on the same level. Expecting them to be as good as others would be just a dream (I do wish it would come true). However, when Bernie was with other kids, Bernie became more realistic of his abilities and

Teaching Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching Practice - Essay Example Unraveling the idea about teacher efficacy however helps a lot in the process of developing a fine and efficient way of teaching students especially that of the second language education. (Milson, 2001, 32) Certainly, teacher efficacy in this sense is assessed as something that is most applicable in every sense of teaching even among age-diversified students. IT could be observed that there are indeed different factors needed to be given constant attention in considering cases of teaching students belonging to different age-bracket. Every factor though leads to the assessment of the efficiency of teachers to handle the situation in a much effective way that would be most beneficial to all the students that he or she handles in class. Education has and will always be an important aspect in the society. This idea is mainly true because of the fact that it ensures an individual sense of responsibility and it promotes independence by equipping individuals in the society valuable knowledge and skills for them to survive and become existent to their purpose. In general perspective, education significantly promotes the development and further advancement of the society as a whole by enabling the young people to become knowledgeable individuals capable of enhancing the current lifestyle and culture of the society (Campbell, 1996, 117). Thus, in like manner, the act and concept of teaching is indeed significant since it is one and the major link between education and the society. Teaching in either private or public educational institutions is always perceived to be a great and respectable profession however; challenges and problems also exist in this field (Colbert, 2006, 216). The recognition of the importance of the concept of teaching to the society is very important because of its significant benefits it offers for the individuals seeking knowledge and education. Secular teaching in the established educational institutions is generally considered by this author as a profession that is well honored and valued by the people. However, many problems and issues are still needed to be address and developed to fully recognize the significance of this concept for the society. Society has always been increasing and the population and likewise its number of students because of which, facilities in the educational institutions must also be expanded to accommodate the said increase. (Ross, 2006, 179) This author believes that every student has their own right to claim and have access to education thus they must be given a way for them to do so. Aside from the classroom, outside facilities must also be given to the student population such as laboratories, athletic fields and others. These facilities will greatly promote the enthusiasm and the educational pursuit of the students and also aid in their complete personal development in different humanistic aspect. DISCUSSIONS AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS The Idealisms of Teacher Efficacy Teaching, generally also involves the professional and interaction between the students and the teacher wherein it is culturally perceived that the teacher has the authority over the situation (Guskey, 1993, 6). However, this

Writer's selection Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writer's selection - Personal Statement Example She reminded me that I would become a resourceful person that everyone in the society would be looking for if I By inculcating good virtues into my lifestyle if I would inculcate good virtues into my lifestyle. As far as picking ‘Communications’ as my major is concerned, I have to admit that I had considered reasons in my mind at the time I was joining Seattle community College. In this respect, I have to mention that my very first reason was to be able to interact with all the diversified persons living in Hong Kong. Fundamentally, Hong Kong is a metropolitan with diverse cultures that are autonomous hence ‘communications’ will play a major role when it comes to meeting new people from various backgrounds. The second reason as to why I chose communications as my major is the fact that I like to get out of the comfort zone. This was particularly evident when visited Los Angeles for 3 weeks in July 2010 as an exchange student. I deemed it essential to learn certain skills of communicating with various personalities. Lastly but more importantly, I picked communications as my major is because I like communicating with people and discovering new things. When it comes to my professional experience, I find it worthy to mention that I have participated in quite a number of initiatives that have added significant value to my personal and professional life. For instance, between January 2013 and March 2013, I volunteered as a teaching assistant at ACRS (Asian Counseling and Referral Services). In that capacity and organization, I acquired excellent interpersonal and interpersonal skills. Moreover, I carried on with the volunteering work from April 2013 to June 2013 Arts Corps. I gained invaluable knowledge during the two-month period that I still hold dear to date. My third place where I gained invaluable experience was at CJR where held the position of an Education Consultant. In this position, I played several roles including

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Arabic Culture - Essay Example Religious beliefs and traditions give ample freedom to the males in Muslim culture so that they can control or regulate the freedom of the Arabic women. â€Å"Koran says girls must stay home and that it is right to beat women if they disobey their husbands† (Chu). In other words, Koran undoubtedly gives the authority to men over women in Arabic culture. It is difficult for the Arabic females to engage in all types of activities as their men counterparts do. Driving is prohibited for Saudi women even though it is allowed in other Arabic states. â€Å"A Saudi woman sentenced to be lashed 10 times for defying the countrys ban on female drivers. The woman, named as Shaima Jastaina and believed to be in her 30s, was found guilty of driving without permission in Jeddah in July, 2011†(Jones). Even though the Saudi King interfered in the matter and removed the punishment of Shaima Jastaina, the above incident revealed the extent of oppression faced by women in Saudi Arabia and in other Arabic countries. No Arab women, especially the Saudi women, can go out without covering their entire body. It should be noted that in countries like America or Britain, women have the right to wear any clothes they like. In fact women in western countries cover their body less, compared to their male counterparts. Women in western countries take part in kind of social activities just like men whereas in Arabic culture, it is difficult for the women to enjoy such freedom. It should be noted that Arabic men can marry more than one girl and keep more than one wife at the same time. However, Arabic women do not have the right to keep more than one husbands at the same time. In other words, in Arabic culture, all the customs and norms were formulated to safeguard the interests of the male community whereas in other cultures, the interests of both the males and females are respected in equal measures. To conclude, the status of