Honor Killings Essay - 537 Words

Honor Killings For thousands of years women have been looked down upon in society and have not been treated as equals. It wasn’t very long ago that women in America weren’t allowed to have jobs or vote, men were always the leaders. Just tonight my father was saying how when he was growing up if you talked back to your father or husband you would be punished, and that was only about thirty or forty years ago. I believe that today’s American woman take their freedom for granted. In some cultures women still do not have the privilege of being considered an equal and have no rights. In countries where Islam is practiced they have honor killings, where â€Å"woman are murdered by their families each year in the name of family â€Å"honor.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦These are all normal, ok things for us. However in places such as â€Å"Bangladesh, Great Britain, Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Pakistan, Morocco, Sweden, Turkey, and Uganda,â₠¬  if you were a woman and you did any of these things you would be killed, and by your own family. The worst part is that it’s not only the men that support this, but also â€Å"the females in the family - mothers, mother-in-laws, sisters, and cousins†¦It’s a community mentality.† I think the women agree with honor killings because they are afraid of what will happen to them if they stand up for themselves or for any other woman. The fact is that they will be killed themselves if they do. One point in the article, which I found unacceptable, relates to chapter five in the text about marriage. â€Å"In India, more than 5,000 brides die annually because their dowries are considered insufficient, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund.† If this is going to happen either the United Nations Children’s Fund should remove this statement, or dowries should not be used in Indian marriages anymore. This may be considered ethnocentrism on my part but women are human beings and deserve the right to live life and not be afraid. In my opinion honor killings are wrong. I can’t understand how you could kill a woman in your family forShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Issue With Honor Killings1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the human race has to deal with and one of them is honor killings. This is an issue that has not been completely touched upon because it is not and an issue that everyone gets to see. The main idea is to understand what an honor killing is and what’s its status around the world but specifically to the country that is Pakistan. One main point that should be remembered is that it is all based off of tradition and not religion. A honor killing is a violent action towards a person that has broughtRead MoreThe Violence Of Hindu Honor Killings961 Words   |  4 PagesIn honor killings, most of the women are killed on the basis of an illicit relationship as specified by their partner or family. Sometimes the killings are carried out for ridiculously pathetic reasons such as failing to serve a meal on time can be seen as a stain on family honor and can lead to woman’s death. In modern time, where the world is revolving around technological advances and the independence of women and gender equality, honor killings have exceeded and are more rampant. While IndiaRead MoreHonor Killing Is The Murder Of A Member1986 Words   |  8 Pagesknown as Honor killing and that was the first time honor killing was started. It began with males who retained the right to kill an unmarried female when she had done something related to sexual activities. Honor killing is the murder of a member within the family by the oth er members. The males often kill the female member as they belief that the female has brought dishonor to the family and the community for many reasons such as engaging sexual activities without marriage. The killing shows theRead MoreHypocrisy Of So Called Honor Killings2004 Words   |  9 PagesSo-Called â€Å"Honor Killings† Every year, similar stories of a young girl or woman murdered by her own family occur. The plot is simple. A girl develops an innocent romantic relationship with a man of her age and soon, her family finds out about her relationship. Or, a girl’s parents have planned an arranged marriage for their daughter but she does not accept the suitor. In both cases, the family feels disrespected by the girl and so she has to be killed. This is also known as an â€Å"honor killing†. EveryRead MoreFailure in the Indian Judiciary System for Violence Against Women591 Words   |  3 Pagessystem to get justice for the victims. Why is violence against women so prolific in India? Although the womens organizations in India have opposed individual acts of violence against women ranging from female infanticide, rape, dowry deaths, honor killings, acid attacks to female infanticides, there has been little attention given to the theoretical understanding of the causes of this violence. Between 2001 and 2011 the number of incidents has increased tremendously. The disinclination of policemenRead MoreEssay on Blood Cleans Honor, or So We Are Told1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe number of honor killings each year is unknown. Figures are only estimates at the very best. The Iraq government dismisses the numbers that are published and those outside the country have no way to identify how many honor killings take place, if they are even recorded somewhere. According the Human Rights Watch, honor crimes are â€Å"acts of violence, usually murder, committed by male family members against female family members who are perceived to have brought dishonor upon the family† (Stop ViolenceRead MoreWomen s Rights And Empowerment1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Name of Honor She was a young girl with a powerful voice. Her story is one of bravery and defiance. With the help of her father, she became an important activist for the free education of women not only in Pakistan, but throughout the world. As many people encouraged her movement, she became nominated for several renowned peace prizes, and also became a target for the Taliban. One day on the way home from school she was cornered on a bus and shot in the head by a Taliban member. Yet her lifeRead MoreHonour Killings2634 Words   |  11 PagesHonour killing, india’s continuing shame Honour killing, india’s continuing shame SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Prof. seema dutta AMAN BANSAL ROLL NO-212017 OBJECTIVES Every research has an objective in mind when he or she starts his or her research on any topic and in the course of the research process the researcher’s job is to fulfillRead MoreDo Muslim Women Really Need Saving?1617 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge and representation; and the dynamics of gender and the question of women’s rights in the Middle East (Columbia). Lughod in her book Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? sets out to get rid of stereotypes that muslim women because of frequent ‘honor killings’ and the practice of veiling need to be rescued. She coins the term for the exploration of saving muslim women ‘Islamland.’ There is the perpetuating stereotype and dominant narrative that muslim women need saving and islam is a threatening cultureRead MoreHonour Killing : An Evil Of Society2216 Words   |  9 PagesHonour Killing: An Evil of Society with reference to Khap Panchayat Introduction Honour Killing’ is a cultural crime or a cultural tradition prevalent amongst non-Caucasian Societies which perceive women as bearers of family honour. Honour Killing of women can be defined as acts of murder in

The contribution of the Upper tribunal to the first-tier tribunal’s work Free Essays

string(127) " feature of the new system and, as demonstrated above, shares features with the judicial review available in the courts\[24\]\." Introduction The reform of the haphazard system of tribunals in the UK has often provided a neat symmetry with the chaos the system has been vehemently criticised for. It has taken half a century for the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 to be given royal assent, which Bradley Ewing rightly suggest to be the fulfilment of the conclusions of the influential Franks Committee of 1957, constituted to provide a once-in-a-generation review of tribunals and inquiries in the UK[1]. The Franks Committee concluded that tribunals are â€Å"machinery provided by Parliament for adjudication,† the operation of which should be fair, open and impartial[2]. We will write a custom essay sample on The contribution of the Upper tribunal to the first-tier tribunal’s work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus at one legislative stroke the proliferation of tribunals in the last century, which moved the then Lord Justice Woolf to author a paper entitled â€Å"a hotchpotch of appeals – the need for a blender†[3], has now been significantly curtailed by the 2007 Act which established two tiers of tribunals to simplify what was becoming unaccountable, undemocratic and in violation of ECHR treaty convention rights[4]. A review in 2001, formed under the auspices of the then Labour Government and the main catalyst for the 2007 Act, found that there were 70 different tribunals across England and Wales and that a number of them were obsolete[5]. The Government’s response in the White Paper Transforming Public Services: Complaints, Redress and Tribunals[6] laid the foundations for the unified system which now prevails. The problems of the past which plagued tribunals are of â€Å"historical interest† in the words of Bradley Ewing[7]. In the context of mental health the relevant first-tier tribunal chamber is the Health, Education and Social Care Chamber and in the Upper tribunal the relevant chamber is the Administrative Appeals Chamber which can hear appeals, with leave from the first-tier tribunal, on points of law only and exercises a judicial review function[8]. The two tiers of tribunals opened for business in November of 2008[9] and the first case in the context of mental health heard by the Administrative Appeals Chamber was heard in 2009[10]. Thus there have been almost three years of cases to evaluate the effectiveness of the Upper Tribunal’s contribution towards enhancing the safeguarding role of the first-tier tribunal in mental health cases[11]. In total there have been 28 cases hearing appeals from the Health, Education and Social Care Chamber within this time[12]. It is very early in the life of the unified system to conclusively say whether it is enhancing the system[13] but Bradley Ewing m ake some general observations on the advantages the two-tier system is bringing which are relevant to the mental health sphere: â€Å"One valuable result of the two-tier structure is to rationalise the diverging procedures that separate tribunals had used. This task has been carried out by the Tribunal Procedure Committee, Chaired by a Court of Appeal judge. The aims of the procedure rules include that of ensuring that in tribunal proceedings ‘justice is done’; that the tribunal system is ‘accessible and fair’; that proceedings are handled ‘quickly and efficiently’; and that the rules are ‘both simple and clearly expressed’†[14] The administrative advantages of a unified system[15] are perhaps obvious but the case law has revealed some potential weaknesses with the Supreme Court recently holding that the Upper Tribunal is amenable to judicial review itself[16]. This essay will critically analyse the contribution of the Upper tribunal to the first-tier tribunal’s work over the past three years by analysing the statutory basis of the tribunal in part 1 as well as the decided case law in the context of mental health. The essay will then, in part 2, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the current system and conclude that the new Upper Tribunal is indeed enhancing the work of the first-tier tribunal as demonstrated by the high number of successful appeals, the innovative judicial review function and ECHR compliance under article 6. Part 1: The Upper Tribunal in mental health 1.1 The Administrative Appeals Chamber and the 2007 Act S.3(5) of the 2007 Act confers on the Upper Tribunal the status of a â€Å"superior court of record†[17]. As noted above in the introduction the Upper Tribunal is split into three Chambers with the Administrative Appeals Chamber dealing with, inter alia mental health cases, with its functions split neatly into three categories: appellate, judicial review and referral[18]. The ordinary appellate procedure on a point of law derives from article 7(a) of the First tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (Chambers) Order 2008 and, in the context of mental health, is able to hear an appeal â€Å"against a decision made by the first-tier tribunal†[19] but only in respect of a point of law which is not an â€Å"excluded decision† under s.11(5)(a) – (f). With respect to the novel judicial review function, what Lady Hale of Richmond called â€Å"a major innovation in the 2007 Act†[20], under article 7(b) of the 2008 Order this function has been transplanted from the High Court with the Administrative Appeals Chamber able to grant the following kinds of relief: a mandatory order, a prohibiting order, a quashing order, a declaration and an injunction[21]. This function has been qualified by the Lord Chief Justice in England and Wales who issued a practice direction to the effect that the relief of judicial review will be available where there is no power of appeal to the Upper Tribunal and where the decision is not an excluded one[22]. Finally the Administrative Appeals Chamber also has a referral function where cases may be transferred from the First-Tier Tribunal to the Upper Tribunal under s.9(5) of the 2007 Act where the First-Tier Tribunal has set aside a decision. Lady Hale noted in the Supreme Court that the appellate procedure is the most important function of the Administrative Appeal Chamber[23] although her Ladyship pointed out that this right can only be exercised with the permission of either the First-tier or Upper tribunal under ss11(3) and 11(4). The judicial review function of the Upper tribunal is indeed a novel feature of the new system and, as demonstrated above, shares features with the judicial review available in the courts[24]. You read "The contribution of the Upper tribunal to the first-tier tribunal’s work" in category "Essay examples" A curiosity of the system arose in 2011 in the Supreme Court where it was decided that decisions of the Upper Tribunal are amenable to judicial review in the High Court, a decision which Phillip Murray suggests undermines the advances the unified system represents[25] and which will be discussed in part 2 of this essay[26]. 1.2 Case law in mental health As noted in the introduction there have been 28 cases in the three years of the 2007 Act’s life which relate specifically to mental health law[27]. In order to determine whether or not the Upper Tribunal is enhancing the safeguarding role of the First-Tier Tribunal, the Health, Education and Social Care chamber, it is important to analyse the case law both qualitatively and quantitatively. In quantitative terms the appellate procedure is being used in the Upper Tribunal in the majority of cases with judicial review used very sparingly. In all cases heard in 2011, 13 in total, four were successful appeals with the decision of the First-Tier tribunal set aside[28] while in just one case the decision was taken not to set aside the decision despite the successful appeal[29]. In two cases no error on a point of law was discovered by the Upper Tribunal[30] and in only one case was the appeal dismissed entirely[31]. In another case permission to appeal was refused[32] and, to emphasi se the young nature of the tribunal two cases were dedicated to in-depth discussions of tribunal procedure about the open justice principle[33] and the revocation of Community Treatment Orders (CTO’s)[34]. The final decision[35] deserves closer attention in light of the fact that it is the only judicial review decision of 2011[36] and but the second judicial review in all three years[37]. The facts in this case were that while P was serving a five months’ sentence for various criminal offences he was sentenced to a further nine months’ in relation to an assault. On 21st October 2008 the Secretary of State used his powers under s.47 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to have P transferred to a psychiatric hospital. P then appealed against this decision to detain him to the First Tier tribunal on 19th February 2010 which ordered his discharge. A further appeal was made within the power of the First-Tier tribunal to review and set aside its own decisions and thus Judge Foster agreed to set aside the decision under Rule 45 of the Tribunal owing to a discussed Community Treatment Order which Judge Foster felt invalidated the original decision. A further appeal was then heard by Jud ge Foster against her own decision which led to the present judicial review proceedings. In essence, Judge David Pearl reinstated the original First-tier tribunal decision of 19th February 2010 and observed: â€Å"In this case, given the findings made by the First-tier Tribunal in its decision dated 19th February 2010, the tribunal was under a positive duty to direct a discharge, albeit deferred for a period of six weeks to enable after-care arrangements to be put in place. It follows therefore that Judge Foster’s two decisions must be quashed. Both of those decisions are unlawful, in that they are predicated on a reading of the First-tier Tribunal’s decision which can in no way be justified.†[38] Part 2:Discussion of the Administrative Appeals Chamber 2.1 Enhancing the first tier tribunal? (a) Weaknesses Despite the fact that the Administrative Appeals Chamber has only been in operation for a short time there are some evident weaknesses in the way case law has developed which arguably undermine rather than enhance the First-Tier tribunal’s role[39]. The most obvious weakness is the fact that the decisions of the Upper Tribunal are amenable to judicial review[40]. Perhaps it was wishful thinking that unappealable decisions of the Upper Tribunal would not be subject to judicial review and that the two-tier system would continue to be â€Å"authoritative, efficient and self-contained† as Phillip Murray points out[41]. There was a clear intention by Parliament in the drafting of the 2007 Act that the Upper Tribunal would have the final say as to whether any appeal from the First Tier Tribunal on a point of law should be allowed and, since there is little difference between an appeal on a point of law and a judicial review[42], a judicial leak has appeared in what was, until the Supreme Court’s decision[43], a very tight and secure system. The implications of allowing review of the Upper Tribunal’s decisions are, in Murray’s opinion, grave: â€Å"Judicial review is not, like appeal, concerned with settling important points of principle or practice. Rather, its concern is with vires – that is, ensuring that decision-makers act within the four corners of their power – as well as questions of procedural fairness. This is the primary focus of the Sivasubramaniam model, and it would have been preferable as a result. Such an approach would have maintained the orthodox constitutional basis for review, avoided flouting Parliament’s express will, and ensured proportionate protection of the rule of law.†[44] (b) Strengths The strengths of the administrative appeals chamber certainly outweigh the main weakness identified above in enhancing the First-Tier Tribunal. The high number of successful appeals which have, in the context of mental health and explored earlier, set aside decisions of the first-tier tribunal are obvious indicators of the Upper Tribunal enhancing the First-Tier Tribunal’s safeguarding role by ensuring justice is done[45]. Thus in the 28 cases it is apparent that erroneous decisions are being caught and corrected with appropriate procedures whether that is having the decision set aside or remitted back to a reconstituted First-Tier Tribunal. The use of the judicial review function is both innovative and flexible and has, in two key decisions, proved to be invaluable in reversing procedural decisions taken at first instance[46]. In the Mersey case the internal review procedure of the First Tier Tribunal was simply ineffective and it took the Upper Tribunal to step in and rectify matters under judicial review in an impartial and independent manner. The Administrative Appeals Chamber enables the First-Tier Tribunal to be compatible with article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights both in terms of independence and also in terms of procedural fairness. Conclusion In conclusion the Administrative Appeals Chamber has, in its short lifespan, enhanced the safeguarding role of the First-Tier tribunal within the new unitary system ushered in by the Leggatt Review of 2001[47]. In the context of mental health cases there have been 28 in total in the 3 years of the 2007 Act’s operation which serve to validate the work of the Upper Tribunal. As can be expected the number of appeals is relatively modest but clearly the Upper Tribunal is performing a vital function in holding the First-Tier tribunal to account and, where appropriate, setting aside its decisions. In terms of the novel judicial review function this has been used only twice in the context of mental health but has demonstrated a willingness by the tribunal system to deploy it when natural justice demands it. The fact that the First-Tier Tribunal can review its own decisions is not in itself an adequate safeguard and the case of MP v Mersey Care NHS Trust[48] is a useful reminder that the first instance tribunals, just like courts, need to be supervised independently. The Upper Tribunal also ensures vital article 6 compliance. This aspect enhances the whole system which can now survive scrutiny from Strasbourg. The one main weakness, that the Upper Tribunal is susceptible to judicial review itself, is in reality a technical one and something that is unlikely to become a crippling problem. Overwhelmingly the Upper Tribunal has enhanced the First-Tier Tribunal in its short life. Bibliography 1.0 Books Bradley, AW Ewing, KD (2011) Constitutional Administrative Law Pearson: Worldwide Creyke, Robin (2008) Tribunals in the Common Law World Federation Press: Sydney Jacobs, Edward (2010) Tribunal Practice and Procedure: Tribunals under the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 Legal Action Group: UK Thompson, Brian (2010) ‘Current Developments in the UK: System Building – From Tribunals to Administrative Justice’ in Adler, Michael (ed) Administrative Justice in Context Hart Publishing: Oregon and Portland at p.484 2.0Journals Case Comment (2011) ‘Tribunal Merger may â€Å"dilute rather than enhance† expertise, Lady Hale warns’ Solicitors Journal 155(25), 3 Gledhill, Kris (2009) ‘The First Flight of the Fledgling: The Upper Tribunal’s Substantive Debut’ Journal of Mental Health Law Spring 81-93 Mitchell, Gareth (2010) ‘Judicial Review, but not as we know it: Judicial Review in the Upper Tribunal’ Judicial Review 15(2), pp112-117 Murray, Phillip (2011) ‘Judicial Review of the Upper Tribunal: Appeal, Review, and the Will of Parliament’ in Cambridge Law Journal 70(3), pp487-489 Rutledge, Desmond (2011) ‘Practice and Procedure: Jurisdiction – Scope for Judicial Review of Upper Tribunal Decisions by High Court’ Journal of Social Security Law 18(4) pp135-137 3.0 Reports Leggatt, Andrew (2001) Tribunals for Users, One System, One Service accessed on 20/12/2011 and available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.tribunals-review.org.uk/leggatthtm/leg-00.htm Report of the Franks Committee, Cmnd 218, 1957, parts II and III Transforming Public Services: Complaints, Redress and Tribunals CM 6243, 2004 4.0 Statutes Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 European Convention on Human Rights article 6 First tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal (Chambers) Order 2008 5.0 Cases AH v West London Mental Health Trust and another [2011] AACR 15 CM v DHNHSFT and Secretary of State (Justice) [2011] UKUT 129 (AAC) Dorset Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust v MH [2009] UKUT 4 (AAC) (UT) DN v Northumberland Tyne Wear NHS Foundation Trust [2011] UKUT 327 (AAC) JLG v Managers of Llanarth Court SOS for Justice [2011] UKUT 62 (AAC); DP v Hywel DDA Health Board [2011] UKUT 381 (AAC) KL v Somerset Partnership NHS Foundation Trust [2011] UKUT 233 (AAC) MB v BEH MH NHST SoSJ [2011] UKUT 328 (AAC) PS v Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust [2011] AACR 42 (on the application of Cart) v Upper Tribunal [2011] UKSC 28 (SC) R (On the application of Cart) (Appellant) v The Upper Tribunal [2011] UKSC 28 RN v Curo Care/ OE [2011] UKUT 263 (AAC) RB v Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust [2011] UKUT 73 (AAC) TR v Ludlow Street Healthcare Ltd and TR [2011] UKUT 152 (AAC) Appendix A: Decided cases of the Administrative Appeals Chamber in Mental Health From research conducted for this essay from the Government’s tribunal judiciary homepage accessed on 19/12/2011 and available from: http://www.administrativeappeals.tribunals.gov.uk/Decisions/decisions.htm Top of Form Decision DateFile No.NCNCategorySubcategoryDecision Added 28/05/2010JR 3066 20092010 UKUT 160 AACTribunal procedure and practice (including UT)other29/06/2010 23/04/2010M 837 20102010 UKUT 119 AACMental healthAll05/05/2010 08/04/2010M 1653 20092010 UKUT 102 AACMental healthAll05/05/2010 25/02/2010M 2704 20092010 UKUT 59 AACMental healthAll15/03/2010 01/10/2009M 827 20092009 UKUT 195 AACTribunal procedure and practice (including UT)tribunal jurisdiction13/10/2009 07/08/2009M 708 20092009 UKUT 157 AACMental healthAll02/09/2009 08/01/2009M 3592 20082009 4Mental healthAll14/01/2009 Top of Form Decision DateFile No.NCNCategorySubcategoryDecision Added 15/03/2011JR 2381 20102011 UKUT 107 AACMental healthAll30/03/2011 17/02/2011HM 84 20102011 UKUT 74 AACMental healthAll07/03/2011 11/02/2011HM 840 20102011 UKUT 73 AACMental healthAll07/03/2011 09/02/2011HMW 2881 20102011 UKUT 62 AACMental healthAll07/03/2011 20/12/2010HM 1533 20102010 UKUT 454 AACMental healthAll12/01/2011 17/12/2010HM 525 20102010 UKUT 455 AACMental healthAll12/01/2011 12/11/2010M 695 20092010 UKUT 32 AACTribunal procedure and practice (including UT)statements of reasons17/02/2010 03/09/2010HMW 134 20102010 UKUT 319 AACMental healthAll06/10/2010 29/07/2010M 84 20102010 UKUT 264 AACMental healthAll17/08/2010 02/06/2010M 1089 20092010 UKUT 185 AACMental healthAll17/06/2010 Bottom of Form Top of Form Decision DateFile No.NCNCategorySubcategoryDecision Added 21/09/2011HMW 1339 20112011 UKUT 381 AACMental healthAll06/12/2011 16/08/2011HM 226 20112011 UKUT 327 AACMental healthAll13/09/2011 12/08/2011HM 803 20112011 UKUT 328 AACMental healthAll13/09/2011 10/06/2011HM 2479 20102011 UKUT 233 AACMental healthAll29/06/2011 11/04/2011HM 2201 20102011 UKUT 263 AACMental healthAll04/07/2011 07/04/2011HMW 509 20112011 UKUT 152 AACMental healthAll27/04/2011 30/03/2011HM 487 20112011 UKUT 143 AACMental healthAll19/04/2011 29/03/2011HM 840 20102011 UKUT 135 AACMental healthAll19/04/2011 23/03/2011HM 2915 20102011 UKUT 129 AACMental healthAll19/04/2011 15/03/2011JR 2381 20102011 UKUT 107 AACMental healthAll30/03/2011 How to cite The contribution of the Upper tribunal to the first-tier tribunal’s work, Essay examples

Master in Leadership for Quantitative Research - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMaster in Leadership for Quantitative Research. Answer: Methods and Results of Quantitative Research Reports The most important thing according to me in the methods section of a high quality quantitative research report are the instruments. The instruments are used by the researchers regarding a measurement device such as surveys, questionnaires. Instruments are segmented into two broad segments viz., researcher completed as well as subject-completed, differentiated by those instruments that are adminstered by the researchers against those that the participants have completed. The researcher-completed instruments include the rating scales, schedules of interview, tally sheets, flowcharts, performance checklists, time-and-motion logs as well as observation forms (Neuman, 2016). The subject-completed instruments include questionnaires, self-checklists, attitude scales, aptitude tests, projective devices as well as sociometric devices. According to the report, the most effective instrument that has been used is the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The MLQ did the measurement regarding charismatic or inspirational leadership covering many of the major components. I also would like to cite here that the most important aspects of using an instrument are having an association with validity as well as reliability. Validity is considered being the extent to which an instrument measures what it is required measuring and provides the performance it is designed to perform. Validation is having the involvement of collecting as well as evaluating the data for assessing the instruments accuracy. There are various statistical tests as well as measures for assessin the validity of the quantitative instruments that in general, is having the involvement of pilot testing (Neuman, 2016). Moreover, I would also like to state in this regard that, there exists two types of validity such as external validity as well as content validity. On the other hand, reliability can be regarded as consistency. There are four general estimators that might be encountered for reading research. These are considered as inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, parallel-fo rms relaibility as well as internal consistency reliability (Creswell, 2013). The most important thing according to me in the results section of a high quality quantitative research is that this section should be setting out major experimental outcomes, which includes statistical evaluation and finding out whether or not these results are important.. In addition to this, another important thing in the results section of a high quality quantitative research is how effectively results can be presented, which might be through tables, figures, graphs or texts. Reference Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Neuman, W. L. (2016).Understanding research. Pearson.